Witches’ broom disease of cacao ( Marasmius perniciosus Stahel). Tropical Agriculture Trinidad, 18, 107–116.īaker, R. I: Seasonal variations in intensity of infection and their effect on control methods. Memoirs of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture Trinidad, 8, 1–28.īaker, R. Studies in witches’ broom disease of cacao ( Marasmius perniciosus Stahel. Memoirs of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture Trinidad, 7, 1–27.īaker, R. Studies in witches’ broom disease of cacao caused by Marsmius perniciosus Stahel. Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture Trinidad, pp 8–29.īaker, R. The Anglo-Colombian Cacao collecting expedition. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 105, 167–175.īaker, R. Molecular fingerprinting suggests two primary outbreaks of witches’ broom disease ( Crinipellis perniciosa) of Theobroma cacao in Bahia. The Environmentalist, 14, 107–119.Īndebrhan, T., Figueira, A., Yamada, A. The declining of the cocoa economy in the Atlantic forest of Southern Bahia, Brazil: Conservation attitudes of cocoa planters. The causal agent of witches’ broom and frosty pod rot of cacao (chocolate, Theobroma cacao) form a new lineage of Marasmiaceae. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Īgrios, G. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Finally, the areas of research that need to be addressed are prioritized. The full life cycle of the cacao pathogen is described and illustrated schematically, and compared to that of the nonpathogenic L-biotype on Bignoniaceae. The only infective spore is the sexual basidiospore produced in the basidioma (mushroom) and spores are forcibly released and air dispersed over considerable distances as the temperature falls and the humidity rises during the night. The etiology of the disease remains a matter of conjecture and there is circumstantial evidence indicating that the fungus may have developed a symbiotic association with another microorganism to facilitate invasion and disrupt host physiology. The occurrence of a nonpathogenic biotype in the Bignoniaceae (Lamiales) is discussed in relation to the evolution of the pathotypes from benign to malign endophytes of woody plants. The symptomatology is described and illustrated in cacao and its relatives in the Malvales, as well as in the plant orders in which other hosts of the pathogen have been confirmed (Malpighiales and Solanales). perniciosa is hemibiotrophic with well-defined parasitic and saprophytic phases: separated morphologically, physiologically, and genetically. The changing taxonomic status of the fungal causal agent-especially, its current placement in the genus Moniliophthora and its relationship to M. In particular, focus is placed on the Brazilian States of Rondônia and Bahia and the disastrous political events that have shaped their histories. The history of witches’ broom disease is cataloged with special reference to its socioeconomic and ecological impact on the countries and regions affected.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |